![]() ![]() The category system is of higher rank, while the field formats are more flexible and suitable in complex empirical situations. Two examples are the category system and the field format. 4) Preparation of the instrumentĪt this stage, the researcher creates an instrument to record the information they’ve collected. Some elements for them to take into account are the observation period, the frequency of the sessions, the minimum number of sessions, and the criteria for starting and ending the sessions. The optimal situation would be for them to obtain a continuous record, equivalent to the totality of the reality they intend to study. In this phase, the researcher plans when the observations will be made to obtain the corresponding record. To include information related to the physical environment, the activity to be carried out (staging a narrative, prosocial episodes, learning of new behaviors, etc.), the social level of the subjects observed, information of an institutional or institutional nature, and organizational (duration of activities in their usual context). Identification of the observation session.Preparation of a plan or agenda related to the succession of activities to be carried out throughout the observation process. To guarantee the solution of situations that interrupt the observation process. To ensure that the session isn’t interrupted by an unexpected event that causes a break in activity. Maintenance of intra-sessional constancy.To guarantee maximum equality between the different observation sessions. Maintenance of inter-sessional constancy.They aim to facilitate the procedure and avoid errors: 2) Prior dispositionĪt this stage of the observational method, the researcher must take the following aspects into account. During this stage, they acquire detailed knowledge and familiarize themselves with the observation situation. Also to increase the level of training of the observer, and collect information. In this phase, the aim is for the researcher to specify the object of study, and reduce, or eliminate the reactivity of the observed subject. Next, we’ll review the eight phases of the observational method as proposed by Anguera (2003). With this control, they ensure that the independent variables are the only ones responsible for the effects on the dependent variables. However, they do control possible extraneous variables that may affect or distort the data. In this method, the researcher doesn’t manipulate behaviors as in experimental or quasi-experimental research designs. Furthermore, it helps the researcher to keep track of the variables throughout the research process (Anguera and Hernández, 2014). The observational method contrasts hypotheses, replicates results obtained and contributes to the theoretical development of the disciplinary field to which it’s circumscribed. It’s conducted with the use of instruments and parameters that make it possible to detect the relationships between them. These behaviors are organized and analyzed (both qualitative and quantitative). ![]() The observational method is a scientific procedure in which the occurrence of perceptible behaviors is revealed. ![]() Subject to validity and reliability checks.Being controlled and related to more general propositions.Observation isn’t simply a perceptual process that makes sensations conscious, it’s also an organizing process.Īs a scientific method, observation is characterized by: This means that the selected raw information is translated by means of a code to be transmitted (Fabbri, 1998). The collection implies a coding activity. Observation is constituted as a process whose main function is to collect information. To observe is to carefully perceive an object, an action in which the researcher knows what they want to analyze and why (Díaz, 2011). This is nothing more than the active acquisition of information about a phenomenon. ![]() The observational method, as its name suggests, is associated with observation. ![]()
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